مجله الجمعیه العلمیه الایرانیه للغه العربیه و آدابها، فصلیه علمیه محکمه
سال نوزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 69، شتاء 2023)

Phonetics studies the rules of production of verbal sounds, which is the first clay of the linguistic. Phonetic harmony is a phenomenon that occurs in vowels and consonants. The influence of phonemes leads to similarity between them. The mechanisms of this phenomenon exist in Arabic and Azeri. Because the characteristic of these languages is the phonetic rhythm in the structure. Arabic loanwords are subject to phonetic coordination in Azeri. This research, relying on the descriptive-analytical method and comparative phonetics, deals with the study of Arabic loanwords in Azeri and the comparison of phonetic mechanisms between the languages in vowels and consonants. In this review, the phonetic system is discussed and the way Azeri language deals with Arabic loanwords and how to localize phonemes is shown. It will be beneficial to follow the similarities and differences of the phonetic system between Arabic and Azeri. The results are as follows: the influence of vowels (anterior and posterior) occur in both. Arabic consonants accept phonetic harmony. This harmony exists in the Azeri phonetic. Subordination of short vowels to long includes the harmony between Kasra with "i", Zamma with "u", and Fatha with "a". In the Azeri language, the Kasra in loanwords is expressed in the form of "i". In Arabic, consonant of Hamza is removed or turned into a vowel. This phenomenon occurs in the loanwords. Arabic infinitives have entered Azari and the vowel letter is effective in keeping the kasara or turning it into "i". This phenomenon does not exist in Arabic.

Every Day The Arabic language is moving away from the standard classical language, which is Due to foreign languages, including English. while the English language is based on simplicity, the Arabic language was also affected by this feature. And new styles were shown in this language This phenomenon was due to word by word from foreign languages into Arabic. Literature was also affected by these new styles used in the media language, and these styles can be seen in novels and stories. On this basis, we divide the writers into two groups: The first part depends on the ancient classical Arabic language, and the second part is influenced by the contemporary language. As for Taha Hussein, who is one of the prominent novelists and one of the pioneers of Arab novelists, it can be said that his writing style was based on classical Arabic. As for Mahmoud Shuqair, one of the contemporary authors who was nominated for the Arab Booker Prize in 2015, who belived in the contemporary use and tends towards simplicity in writing. In this article, we aim to address the stories of Taha Hussein and Mahmoud Shuqair and their novels in two styles, analytical and inductive, to get to know the contemporary language and its styles. One of the most important achievements of the research is that Mahmoud Shuqair benefited from the new methods, which are considered as part of the development of the language. However, he benefited from some wrong methods and some structures imported from foreign languages as well, and it would have been better for him to beware of them and replace them with Arabic structures.It is worthwhile for proofreaders to monitor the language of the authors and translators to preserve the language.It is necessary to protect the Arab heritage and the rules of the language, because the language is gradually being destroyed, and as a result, civilization and culture are being destroyed, which is one of the purposes of globalization.

The feminism movement is a social movement whose goal is to dismantle the gender discrimination of women that started in the late 18th century in Europe and America. This movement, whether in the political and social field or in the field of literature, is the result of the lack of attention paid to women in The society is patriarchal. In the late 1960s, feminist ideas entered the domain of "literary criticism" and literary critics analyze literary works with two approaches: "female effects" and "female author criticism". In the meantime, the theory of the four approaches of Elaine Showalter, a prominent American critic of the 20th century, which includes biological, cultural, psychoanalytical and linguistic approaches, has made it possible for women to criticize the work, relying on it Ability to recognize and examine the position of women in literary works. Therefore, the present article has tried to criticize a novel by Nasrin Thamni, an Iranian woman writer, entitled "Goli der Shurezar" and a novel by Ahlam Mostaghanami, an Algerian woman writer, entitled "Al-Aswad Yaliq Bek" (You are beautiful black). to choose women's writing and analyze it according to the criteria of women's writing considered by Elaine Showalter, in order to get a clearer picture of the situation of women, the oppressions that have been inflicted on them, and their thoughts and ideals. brought This research has been conducted with the aim of examining these two novels based on Elaine Showalter's fourfold theory, and the specific results of this research show that these two novels have feminist characteristics based on four axes: The obvious difference between these two novels is the political realism that can be felt in "Al-Aswad Yaliq Bek" due to its reference to political issues in Algeria, compared to "Goli Der Shure Azar" which is a completely non-political and social novel. It can also be said that psychological issues and internal conflicts and emotional conflicts are stronger in the novel "Nasrin Thamani". The research method in this article (descriptive analysis) is based on Elaine Showalter's theory.

Psychological resilience is one of the modern psychological sciences in the seventies after the active interactions that to happen between the sciences at that time. One of the scientists who made significant efforts in this field was Martin Seligman. This science examines the level of human resilience in the face of difficulties and problems in life. The degree of mental resilience is one of the most important issues in modern psychology; But How is this relationship represented by the mind when colliding with heaps of vocabulary and expressions it doubles the importance of this science. This article with the approach of mental resilience in psychology the level of resilience of two poets in facing the hardships of prison and the suffering of distance. This research is written with a scientific-research approach it analyzes the apologies of these two poets. Apologies is actually a poem written to ask for forgiveness the poets asked for forgiveness and pity in these poems. In this research, the apologies of two poets were firstly analyzed, then a comparison was made between them. It seems that Ibn Zaydun appeared weaker compared to Ibrahim Ibn al-Muddabber and the hardships of the prison made him fed up and gradually led him to humiliation.

Children's stories have a unique place in contemporary literature with their unique features and are a source of inspiration for providing Arabic language teaching materials to Iranian children and adolescents. However, it has not been considered in the subject of Arabic language and literature in Iranian universities. Despite the importance of using literature in language teaching and the fact that the use of literature, especially children's stories, is rarely seen in Arabic language curricula for Iranian children and adolescents. Therefore, this article tries to study the application of children's Arabic story and its benefits in teaching Arabic reading skills to children with a descriptive-analytical and quasi-experimental method - based on scientific methods and criteria of language teaching - in teaching Arabic as a better and more useful language. Persian-speaking teenagers pay. To conduct this research, appropriate educational materials based on the criteria of Preset, selected, and taught to junior high school students. The results show gives that the child's story is appropriate to the level of learning of learners and it is easier to read and understand for this group of learners. In addition, the elements on which the child's story is based attract the child's attention more than any other type of literature, and this increases the child's motivation and focus on learning the language with more useful feedback.

The novel " Bread on Uncle Milad's Table " is the first novel written by Mohammad Al-Naas and has been selected by the Arab Booker in 2022. This novel is a story of characters who were involved in many neuroses and tensions within the context of Libyan society and its prevailing culture. AlNaas adeptly and carefully captures the psychological traits of individuals within his society, thereby highlighting the importance of conducting research from a psychological standpoint. The present study was carried out in a descriptive-analytical approach, drawing upon Jeffrey Young's Schema Therapy theory to explore the underlying causes behind the development of early maladaptive schemas in the protagonist, "Milad" and examines his strategies to overcome these schemas. Milad is a young boy struggling with issues surrounding his male identity, which he has had a problem with since childhood throughout the narrative. The results revealed that the origins of Milad's psychological disorders can be traced back to his childhood and adolescence. The absence of effective coping strategies has created a fertile ground for the emergence of early maladaptive schemas in Milad. The dominant schema in Milad's character is in the field of " Disconnection and Rejection" which includes the basic and unconditional schemas of "Emotional deprivation and Defectiveness/shame". In an attempt to break free from these schemas, Milad employs the conditional schema of" Subjugation". He also adopts a"surrender coping style," followed by a subsequent shift towards an "overcompensation" in dealing with his schemas.

“Syntactic voice” is a grammatical characteristic that is classified within the “syntactic level of style” group, and its “semantic function” is to recognize the author’s point of view through the grammatical structure.; In simple words, grammatical voice measures the relation of the verb in the current sentences with other participants in the current process; predicate which has a special place in English grammar, is the basis of basic voice divisions from Klaiman's point of view. The basic voice as an old voice refers to the location and activeness of the verb or the predicate of the sentence; The "control" and "non- control" predicates, which are included among the "lexical predicates" of this grammar, are, respectively, with the nucleus and the role of the subject of the sentence; Or with prepositional verbs, they are known and classified as basic voices. The diversity in Kleiman's base voice, by classifying predicate types, explains his theory from the perspective of the "semantic function of predicate types"; And the fifty-third letter, having many and varied verbs, is a suitable platform for the present research. Based on the descriptive and analytical method, And also in order to express the level of conformity, between the base voice and control and non-control predicates, in the fifty-third letter, this essay presents the following product: 264 verbs from the fifty-third letter of Nahj al-Balagha, represent the basic voice, of which the active voice class is exclusively active, with 114 verbs, which have made an important point, are consistent with the division of predicate types from Klaiman's point of view.

Mahmoud Darwish is one of the contemporary poets of Arabic literature whose poems reflect the hopes and pains of the land of Palestine. "Woman" and "homeland" are among the most frequent concepts that have played a role in his poems. This essay has tried to investigate the duality "woman/homeland" based on the emotional system of discourse in a descriptive-analytical approach in some of his poems. Emotional system of discourse is one of the types of discourse in signsemantics that focuses on the relationship between the set of surficial signs (signifiers) and content (signifieds) because it is in the context of the very sign and signified relations that the perceptive presence of the statives takes place and the creation of themes becomes possible. The present research aims to answer this question: How can the creation and overflow of themes be interpreted and explained based on the emotional system of discourse in the poems by Mahmoud Darwish where "woman/homeland" is the main focus of the theme? In other words, how can the creation of themes in the poet's works of this sort be explained and described based on the emotional system of discourse? The ultimate results of the discussion indicate that the emotional system of the discourse in these poems is based on perceptual, corporal, and intensive mechanism which mainly the poet uses the two concepts of "woman" and "homeland" as an artistic tool to convey the suffering and sorrow among Palestinian people through which he would Stimulate the sympathy of the audience about these tragic images i.e. through transcending the concept of woman to the concept of homeland, he seeks to negate this duality in better words.